Encyclopaedia Britannica Macropaedia Articles: Conceptual Listing
The listing is at three levels; currently, the internal links for this document are set for only the main divisions:
0 KNOWLEDGE -- 1 MATTER AND ENERGY -- 2 EARTH -- 3 LIFE -- 4 HUMANKIND -- 5 SOCIETY AND CULTURE -- 6 ART -- 7 TECHNOLOGY -- 8 RELIGION -- 9 HISTORY
Discussion
Anil Mitra, Ph. D., Horizon Knowledge Enterprises
The numbering here of the main divisions is from 0 to 9 rather than from 1 to 10. This is conceptually suggestive since divisions 1 through 9 outline knowledge of the world [universe] while division 0 is on knowledge [of knowledge itself.]
Each of the 717 Macropaedia articles is in the list under a conceptually appropriate Propaedia [the Britannica outline of knowledge] topic at one of the three levels.
The article titles are actually links to the Britannica outlines to the articles. These outlines are links to content; so the listing here provides organization and logical access to the Macropaedia encyclopaedic knowledge base.
For Further Development
The conceptual placements are not unique; presently alternates are not provided; alternates are provided in the listing database that I have constructed.
Non-uniqueness of conceptual placement is not at all a weakness. Given a [contingent] degree of boundedness to rationality and perception, non-uniqueness shows adaptive flexibility of perception. One of the objectives of the present construction of a specific concetpual database format to the Britannica knowledge base is as a preliminary to flexible, multiple conceptual database formats to universal knowledge bases. Database manipulation and comparison, guided and programmed by a conceptually informed individual or group and in combination with human manipulation and comparison will, it is hypothesized, yield further knowledge and understanding.
The Listing [Back to the Top]
To The Divisions: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
0 Knowledge
01 Logic
01The History and Kinds of Logic
011 History and Philosophy of Logic
012 Formal Logic, Metalogic, and Applied Logic
02 Mathematics
021 History and Foundations of Mathematics
021The Foundations of Mathematics
022 Branches of Mathematics
022Combinatorics and Combinatorial Geometry
022Number Games and Other Mathematical Recreations
023 Applications of Mathematics
023The Mathematical Theory of Optimization
03 Science
031 History and Philosophy of Science
032 The Physical Sciences
032Principles of Physical Science
033 The Earth Sciences
034 The Biological Sciences
035 Medicine and Affiliated Disciplines
036 The Social Sciences and Psychology and
Linguistics
037 The Technological Sciences
037Industrial Engineering and Production
Management
04 History and the Humanities
041 Historiography and the Study of History
042 The Humanities and Humanistic Scholarship
05 Philosophy
051 History of Philosophy
051The History of Western Philosophy
051The History of Western Political Philosophy
052 The Nature and the Divisions
of Philosophy
052Philosophies of the Branches of Knowledge
053 Philosophical Schools and
Doctrines
053Aristotle and Aristotelianism
053René Descartes and Cartesianism
053Immanuel Kant and Kantianism
053Western Philosophical Schools and Doctrines
06 Preservation of Knowledge
061 Institutions and Techniques for the
Collection, Storage, Dissemination, and Preservation of
062 Storage and Retrieval of Information
062Encyclopaedias and Dictionaries
063 Institutions for the Advancement and
Dissemination of Knowledge
1 Matter and Energy [Back to the Top]
To The Divisions: 0, 1,
2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9
11 Atoms: Atomic Nuclei and Elementary Particles
111 The Structure and Properties of Atoms
111Atoms: Their Structure, Properties, and Component Particles
112 The Atomic Nucleus and Elementary Particles
12 Energy, Radiation, and the States and
Transformation of Matter
121 Chemical Elements: Periodic Variation in Their
Properties
122 Chemical Compounds: Molecular Structure and
Chemical Bonding
122Physical and Chemical Analysis and Measurement
123 Chemical Reactions
124 Heat, Thermodynamics, and the Nonsolid States
of Matter
124Matter: Its Properties, States, Varieties, and
Behaviour
124Principles of Thermodynamics
125 The Solid State of Matter
126 Mechanics of Particles, Rigid Bodies, and
Deformable Bodies: Elasticity, Vibrations, and Flow
126Mechanics: Energy, Forces, and Their Effects
127 Electricity and Magnetism
128 Waves and Wave Motion
13 The Universe: Galaxies, Stars, the Solar System
131 The Cosmos
132 Galaxies and Stars
133 The Solar System
133Eclipse, Occultation, and Transit
2 Earth [Back to the Top]
To The Divisions: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
21 The Earth's Properties, Structure, and
Composition
21The Earth: Its Properties, Composition, and Structure
211 The Planet Earth
212 The Earth's Physical Properties
213 The Structure and Composition of the Earth's Interior
214 The Earth's Constituent Minerals and Rocks
22 The Earth's Envelope: Its Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
221 The Atmosphere
222 The Hydrosphere: the Oceans, Freshwater
Bodies, and Ice Masses
223 Weather and Climate
23 The Earth's Surface Features
231 Physical Features of the Earth's Surface
232 Features Produced by Geomorphic Processes
Acting on the Earth's Surface
24 The Earth's History
241 Origin and Development of the Earth and Its
Envelopes
242 The Interpretation of the Geologic Record
242Geochronology: The Interpretation and Dating of the Geologic Record
243 The Eras and Periods of Geologic Time
3 Life [Back to the Top]
To The Divisions: 0, 1,
2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9
31 The Nature and Diversity of Living Things
311 Characteristics of Living Things
312 The Origin of Life and the Evolution of Living
Things
313 The Classification of Living Things
313Angiosperms: The Flowering Plants
313Bacteria and Other Monerans
313Ferns and Other Lower Vascular Plants
313Flatworms: Phylum Platyhelminthes
313Lamp Shells: Phylum Brachiopoda
313Moss Animals: Phylum Bryozoa
32 The Molecular Basis of Vital Processes
321 Chemicals and the Vital Processes
322 Metabolism: Bioenergetics and Biosynthesis
323 Vital Processes at the Molecular Level
33 The Structures and Functions of Organisms
331 The Cellular Basis of Form and Function
331Cells: Their Structures and Functions
332 The Relation of Form and Function in Organisms
333 Coordination of Vital Processes: Regulation
and Integration
334 Covering and Support: Integumentary, Skeletal,
and Musculatory Systems
334Supportive and Connective Tissues
335 Nutrition: the Procurement and Processing of
Nutrients
335Digestion and Digestive Systems
335Excretion and Excretory Systems
336 Gas Exchange, Internal Transport, and
Elimination
336Circulation and Circulatory Systems
336Respiration and Respiratory Systems
337 Reproduction and Sex
337Reproduction and Reproductive Systems
338 Development: Growth, Differentiation, and
Morphogenesis
338Biological Growth and Development
339 Heredity: the Transmission of Traits
339The Principles of Genetics and Heredity
34 Behavioral Responses of Organisms
341 Nature and Patterns of Behavioral Responses
342 Development and Range of Behavioral Capacities:
Individual and Group Behavior
35 The Biosphere: the World of Living Things
351 Basic Features of the Biosphere
351The Biosphere and Concepts of Ecology
352 Biological Populations and Communities
353 Hazards of Life in the Biosphere: Disease and Death
354 Biogeographic Distribution of Organisms: Ecosystems
355 The Place of Humans in the Biosphere
4 Humankind [Back to the Top]
To The Divisions: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
41 Stages in the Development of Human Life on Earth
411 Human Evolution
412 Human Heredity: the Races of Mankind
42 The Human Organism: Health and Disease
42Alcohol and Drug Consumption
421 The Structures and Functions of the Human Body
422 Human Health
422Exercise and Physical Conditioning
423 Human Diseases
423Childhood Diseases and Disorders
423Mental Disorders and Their Treatment
423Occupational Diseases and Disorders
424 The Practice of Medicine and the Care of
Health
424Organ and Tissue Transplants
43 Human Behavior and Experience
43Psychological Tests and Measurement
431 Human Nature and Experience: General Considerations
432 Influence of the Current Environment on a
Person's Behavior and Conscious Experience: Attention, Sensation, and
Perception
433 Current Internal States Affecting a Person's
Behavior and Conscious Experience
434 Persisting Capacities and Inclinations That
Influence Human Behavior and Conscious Experience
435 Development of a Person's Potentials: Learning
and Thinking
435The Development of Human Behaviour
435Human Learning and Cognition
435Thought and Thought Processes
436 Personality and the Self: Integration and
Disintegration of the Person as a Whole
5 Society and Culture [Back to the Top]
To The Divisions: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
51 Social Groups: Peoples and Cultures
511 Peoples and Cultures of the World
512 The Development of Human Culture
513 Major Cultural Components and Institutions of
Human Societies
513The Concept and Components of Culture
514 Language and Communication
515Nations and Political Regions
515Turkey and Ancient Anatolia
515Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
516Cities
516Osaka-Kobe Metropolitan Area
516Tokyo-Yokohama Metropolitan Area
52 Social Organization and Social Change
521 Social Structure and Change
521Social Structure and Change
522 The Group Structure of Society
523 Social Status
524 Human Populations: Urban and
Rural Communities
53 The Production, Distribution,
and Utilization of Wealth
53Conservation of Natural Resources
531 Economic Concepts, Issues, and Systems
531Industrial and Organizational Relations
531Organized Labour: Trade Unionism
532 The Consumer and the Market: Pricing and the
Mechanisms for Distributing Goods
533 The Organization of Production and
Distribution
533Marketing and Merchandising
533History of the Organization of Work
534 The Distribution of Income and Wealth
535 Macroeconomics
536 Economic Growth and Planning
536Economic Growth and Planning
54 Politics and Government
541 Political Theory
541The Forms of Government: Their Historical
Development
542 Political Institutions: the Structure,
Branches, and Offices of Government
542Constitution and Constitutional Government
542Intelligence and Counterintelligence
543 The Functioning of Government: the Dynamics of
the Political Process
543Political Parties and Interest Groups
544 International Relations: Peace and War
55 Law
551 Philosophies and Systems of Law; the Practice
of Law
551Judicial and Arbitrational Systems
551The Profession and Practice of Law
551The Evolution of Modern Western Legal Systems
552 Branches of Public Law, Substantive and
Procedural
553 Branches of Private Law, Substantive and
Procedural
56 Education
561 The Aims and Organization of Education
562 Education Around the World
57 Subsistence and Leisure
571 The Means of Subsistence
572 Leisure and play
572Major Team and Individual Sports
6 Art [Back to the Top]
To The Divisions: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
61 Art in General
611 Theory and Classification of the Arts
611Practice and Profession of the Arts
612 Experience and Criticism of Works of Art; the
Nonaesthetic Context of Art
613 Characteristics of the Arts in Particular
Cultures
613Arts of Native American Peoples
613Ancient Egyptian Arts and Architecture
613Ancient Middle Eastern Arts and Architecture
62 The Particular Arts
621 Literature
621Literatures of Australia and New Zealand
621Caricature, Cartoon, and Comic Strip
621The History of Western Literature
622 Theatre
622The History of Western Theatre
623 Motion Pictures
624 Music
624The History of Western Music
625 Dance
625The History of Western Dance
626 Architecture, Garden and Landscape Design, and
Urban Design
626The History of Western Architecture
626Garden and Landscape Design
627 Sculpture
627The History of Western Sculpture
628 Drawing, Painting, Printmaking, and
Photography
628The History of Western Painting
628Printing, Typography, and Photoengraving
629 Arts of Decoration and Functional Design
629Decorative Arts and Furnishings
7 Technology [Back to the Top]
To The Divisions: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
71 The Nature and Development of Technology
711 Technology: Its Scope and History
712 The Organization of Human Work
72 Elements of Technology
721 Technology of Energy
Conversion and Utilization
722 Technology of Tools and Machines
723 Technology of Measurement, Observation, and
Control
724 Extraction and Conversion of
Industrial Raw Materials
724Industrial Glass and Ceramics
724Extraction and Processing Industries
725 Technology of Industrial Production Processes
73 Major Fields of Technology
731 Agriculture and Food
Production
731Farming and Agricultural Technology
731Forestry and Wood Production
732 Technology of the Major Industries
732Clothing and Footwear Industry
733 Construction Technology
734 Transportation Technology
734Canals and Inland Waterways
734Tunnels and Underground Excavation
735 Technology of Information Processing and of
Communications Systems
735Information Processing and Information Systems
736 Military Technology
736The Theory and Conduct of War
737 Technology of the Urban
Community
737Modernization and Industrialization
738 Technology of Earth and Space
Exploration
8 Religion [Back to the Top]
To The Divisions: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
81 Religion in General
811 Knowledge and Understanding of Religion
811The Study and Classification of Religions
811Religious Symbolism and Iconography
812 The Religious Life: Institutions and Practices
812Religious Doctrines and Dogmas
812Systems of Religious and Spiritual Belief
812Sacred Rites and Ceremonies
82 The Particular Religions
821 Prehistoric Religion and Primitive Religion
822 Religions of Ancient Peoples
822Ancient Middle Eastern Religions
823 Hinduism and Other Religions of India
824 Buddhism
825 Indigenous Religions of East Asia: Religions
of China, Korea, and Japan
826 Judaism
827 Christianity
827Biblical Literature and Its Critical
Interpretation
827Jesus: The Christ and Christology
828 Islam
828Muhammad and the Religion of Islam
829 Other Religions and Religious Movements in the
Modern World
829Zoroastrianism and Parsiism
9 History [Back to the Top]
To The Divisions: 0, 1,
2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9
9Prehistoric Peoples and Cultures
9The History of the Eurasian Steppe
91 Ancient Southwest Asia, North Africa, and Europe
911 Early Peoples and Civilizations of Southwest
Asia and Egypt, the Aegean, and North Africa
911The History of Ancient Mesopotamia
912 Peoples of Ancient Europe and the Classical
Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean World to AD 395
912Ancient Greek and Roman Civilizations
92 Medieval Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia
921 Western Europe, the Byzantine (Eastern Roman)
Empire, and Eastern Europe from AD 395 to c 1050
921The History of the Byzantine Empire
922 The Formative Period in Islamic History, from AD 622 to c 1055
923 Western Christendom in the High and Later
Middle Ages (c 1050-c 1500)
923The History of the Holy Roman Empire
924 The Crusading Movement, the Islamic States of
Southwest Asia, North Africa, and Europe, and the States of Eastern Christendom
from c 1050 to c 1480
93 Peoples and Traditional Civilizations of East, Central, South, and Southeast Asia
931 China to the Beginning of the Late T'ang (AD 755)
932 China from the Late T'ang (AD 755) to the Late Ch'ing (c 1839)
933 Inner (Central and Northeast) Asia to c 1750
934 Japan to the Meiji Restoration (1868), and Korea to 1910
935 The Indian Subcontinent and Ceylon to c AD 1200
936 The Indian Subcontinent from c 1200 to 1761, and Ceylon from c 1200 to 1505
937 The Peoples and Civilizations of Southeast Asia to c 1600
94 Sub-Saharan Africa to 1885
941 West Africa to c 1885
942 The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia from c AD 550 to 1885
943 East Africa and Madagascar to c 1885
944 Central Africa to c 1885
945 Southern Africa to c 1885
95 Pre-Columbian America
951 Andean Civilization to c AD 1540
952 Meso-American Civilization to c AD 1540
96 The Modern World to 1920
96The History of European Overseas Exploration and Empires
961 Western Europe from c 1500 to c 1789
961Peter I the Great, of Russia
961Victoria and the Victorian Age
961Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
962 Eastern Europe, Southwest Asia, and North Africa from c 1480 to c 1800
963 Europe from 1789 to c 1920
964 European Colonies in the Americas from 1492 to
c 1790
965 Development of the United States and Canada
from 1763 to 1920
966 Development of the Latin-American and
Caribbean Nations to c 1920
966The History of Latin America
967 Australia and Oceania to c 1920
968 South Asia Under the Influence of European Imperialism from c 1500 to c 1920
969 Southeast Asia Under the Influence of European Imperialism to c 1920
9610 China from 1839 Until the Onset of Revolution (to c 1911), and Japan from the Meiji Restoration to c 1910
9611 Southwest Asia and North Africa (c 1800-1920), and Sub-Saharan Africa (1885-c 1920) Under the Influence of European Imperialism: the Early Colonial Period
97 The World Since 1920
971 International Movements, Diplomacy, and War
Since 1920
97120th-Century International Relations