THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS
ANIL
MITRA PHD, COPYRIGHT © 1999, REFORMATTED June 2003
Document status, June 7, 2003
Resource
THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS
1. The elementary particles: quarks and leptons - three generations, the first is the primary constituent of matter
2. The forces - electromagnetic, weak and strong…and their transmitters: weak bosons - W and Z, photon, gluon, Higgs
3. Composite particles: baryons made up of three quarks - the proton and neutron…and mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark. The baryons and the mesons together comprise the hadrons - particles built from quarks and so experiencing the strong nuclear force
4. Foundations, dynamics and symmetry. One view of symmetry ‘breaking’ is that symmetry is the foundation of structure and breaking allows creation and decay. Therefore any universe that came into existence will exhibit both symmetry and breaking and is subject to dissolution
5. The parameters, tests of the model…and alternatives
Table 1 Particles of the Standard Model
|
|
PARTICLE |
SYMBOL |
CHARGE |
MASS [GeV/c2] |
|
FIRST GENERATION |
||||
|
QUARKS |
UP |
u |
+2/3 |
0.03 |
|
DOWN |
d |
-1/3 |
0.06 |
|
|
LEPTONS |
ELECTRON |
e- |
-1 |
0.0005 |
|
ELECTRON NEUTRINO |
n e |
0 |
0? |
|
|
SECOND GENERATION |
||||
|
QUARKS |
CHARM |
c |
+2/3 |
1.3 |
|
STRANGE |
s |
-1/3 |
0.14 |
|
|
LEPTONS |
MUON |
m - |
-1 |
0.106 |
|
MUON NEUTRINO |
n m |
0 |
0? |
|
|
THIRD GENERATION |
||||
|
QUARKS |
TOP |
t |
+2/3 |
174 |
|
BOTTOM |
b |
-1/3 |
4.3 |
|
|
LEPTONS |
TAU |
t - |
-1 |
1.7 |
|
TAU NEUTRINO |
n t |
0 |
0? |
|
Table 2 Composite Particles
|
PARTICLE |
ANTIPARTICLE |
||||
|
NAME |
SYMBOL |
CONTENT |
NAME |
SYMBOL |
CONTENT |
|
PROTON |
p |
uud |
ANTIPROTON |
p* |
u*u*d* |
|
NEUTRON |
n |
udd |
ANTINEUTRON |
n* |
u*d*d* |
|
PI-PLUS |
p + |
ud* |
ANTIPI-PLUS |
p *+ |
u*d |
|
PI-ZERO |
p 0 |
uu* + dd* |
ANTIPI-ZERO |
p *0 |
uu* + dd* |
|
K-ZERO |
K0 |
ds* |
ANTIK-ZERO |
K*0 |
d*s |
|
B-ZERO |
B0 |
db* |
ANTIB-ZERO |
B*0 |
d*b |